Is there really that much you need to know about credit card transactions? After all, a cardholder slips a chip card into your POS terminal and, moments later, ‘approved’ or ‘denied’ pops up on the screen.
The authorization process is complex. Knowing the difference between credit card authorization codes can mean the difference between a successful transaction and losing money to fraud. Knowledge of credit card authorization codes can even help you fight back against chargebacks in some cases.
In this article, we’ll discuss what credit card authorization codes are and how they work. We’ll run down a list of standard credit card approval codes, and explain how to use them properly.
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A credit card authorization code is an alphanumeric code, typically between 2-6 figures long, meant to indicate whether or not a credit card transaction has been approved. If a transaction has been declined, the authorization code will provide further details.
When the cardholder’s card is swiped or their chip is inserted into your EMV reader, your POS terminal relays a digital fingerprint to the issuing bank for verification and permission to process. A few seconds later, approval or denial is rendered back to the terminal. If the cardholder has the appropriate funds available in their account, and the bank doesn’t detect any red flags, then the card should be deemed safe to process.
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A credit card authorization code is the string of numbers that accompany either ‘accepted’ or ‘declined’ messages as part of the transaction process. This all happens in real-time, and the process rarely lasts longer than one minute.
Keep in mind, authorization doesn’t mean the transaction is guaranteed against fraud. It only means that the account in question exists, and that it has funds or credit available.
A customer signature will be required to process the transaction for credit purchases. In contrast, a debit card transaction requires a PIN (at least in the US). For online purchases, other verification methods like a card verification value (CVV) may be used.
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One of the most common questions about authorization codes is where merchants can find them. The approval or decline message gets transmitted to your terminal by the issuing bank and will appear on your POS dial and at the top or bottom of a printed receipt.
What the authorization code cannot do, is guarantee whether or not a transaction is fraudulent. With tools like machine learning and fraud scoring, banks and processors are getting better at detecting likely fraudulent transactions. Still, nothing is foolproof.
We recommend merchants use their best judgment to gauge suspicious cardholder activity. If something seems off, don’t process the transaction. The best way to accomplish this is to deploy a multilayer strategy to detect and prevent fraud.
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Some payment processors use codes that are specific to their products alone. If so, you may see a 2-digit alpha-numeric code accompanied by an approval message. Processor-specific codes can be found on your POS terminal or accompanying processing guide.
There are several reasons why a bank may deny authorization, though. Depending on the response code, you may need to request another form of payment, or cancel the transaction altogether. Common reasons for a decline code include:
If the card was reported lost or stolen, or the account is no longer in good standing, the message will ask to take the card from the buyer
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The cardholder entered the wrong PIN. The transaction may be attempted again. If the problem persists, pass the card back to the cardholder and contact the bank.
Let’s say your internet is down, and your POS terminals aren’t able to connect with the host. You have to manually enter a transaction. What do you do then?
It is illegal for merchants to charge a credit card without the cardholder’s permission. However, there are many scenarios in which a merchant can get permission without requesting authorization through an approved POS terminal:
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If a customer makes an order over the phone, the bank will need the cardholder’s express permission to process payment. In these cases, an authorization form will require the date, buyer’s address, phone number, and a signature approving the transaction.
Authorization isn’t necessarily needed for every purchase. If a transaction is recurring, like a subscription service, you’ll only need authorization for the initial payment. Ongoing payments, as in charging a customer a pre-agreed amount every 30 days after the original approval, do not require their own credit card authorization code.
Technically, most credit card transactions are supposed to require some form of photo identification to process payment. However, according to Visa and Mastercard specifically, the signature on the back of a card provides your authorization, and that signature will be compared to others on file.
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Digital signatures or buttons that prod a buyer to ‘approve the purchase’ supply the necessary verification to the bank. As the merchant, you’re then responsible for deploying fraud detection technologies like CVV verification and Address Service Service (AVS) to prevent fraud. If the buyer has two-party verification enabled, they will have to complete that process to make a purchase, too.
Remember: authorization codes for credit cards are not meant to eliminate fraud. They merely verify that the cardholder’s account is in good standing, and that there are funds available.
Understanding Credit Card Failure And Decline Codes
Yes, credit card authorization codes do expire. If you do not complete the transaction within a timely manner, you may lose your authorization and need to request it again. If the final price of a purchase is not known at the time of the initial transaction (restaurants, hotels, card rentals, etc.), then you should request an anauthorization hold.
All the major card networks use chargeback reason codes to convey the reason for a chargeback. Some of these reason codes are specifically designated to apply to authorization-related issues. Visa, for example, has reason codes:
The most important point to help avoid authorization-related chargebacks is to never push through transactions that have been declined. You should reattempt a transaction only when the declined authorization code tells you you can. Otherwise, you should pass on the sale. In fact, there are even some situations in which you should reverse an authorization after receiving a positive message.
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Seeking a credit card authorization code can be a deceptively-complicated matter. There are a number of pitfalls that can lead you to reject a legitimate purchase…or even worse, accept a purchase that you should have rejected.
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May 10, 2023 | 14 min read Credit Card Authorization How Do Credit Card Authorizations Work? What to Know in 2023 Transaction Process
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Copy the provided embed code for this graphic and then paste the code into the HTML portion of your website or blog article.As a business accepting online payments, you are familiar with the online payment process. All it takes are a few seconds and funds get transferred from the customer’s account to yours.
When the customer initiates the card transaction, the card authorization request is sent to the issuer to check the card validity and in this blog, you will find everything you need to know about the card authorization.
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This permission is granted by the card issuer, i.e. the bank that provides the card to the customer (in simple terms, the customer’s bank).
The acquirer then requests the issuer bank to do validity checks on the cardholder’s card like card details or are there enough funds to complete the transaction, etc. Based on these checks, the acquirer gets approval or an error code.
The answer is no, authorization is simply the process to acknowledge available funds in the cardholder’s account and place a hold on those funds.
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When a customer’s account has enough funds for the transaction to take place, an authorization hold is put on the funds to reduce the credit by the transaction amount and the approval or denial signal is sent to the acquirer.
The denial comes in the form of an error code representing different validity checks. The authorization hold is removed when the merchant captures funds (actual fund transfer from the customer to merchant) or the authorization expires.
By blocking funds temporarily, merchants can make sure that the customer is in fact can pay the funds thus it helps merchants to protect their business from fraud and chargebacks.
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As stated above, the error code returned to the acquirer identifies the cause of the transaction failure. If the authorization fails, the purchase cannot be completed.
On the other hand, if there is a technical reason, the processor or acquirer may be facing some issues and the transaction can get
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